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Academy of sciences
An academy of sciences is a national academy or another learned society dedicated to sciences.
In non-English speaking countries, the range of academic fields of the members of a national Academy of Science often includes scholarly disciplines which would not normally be classed as "science" in English. Many languages use a broad term for systematized learning which includes both natural and social sciences and fields such as literary studies, history, or art history, which are not typically considered "sciences" in English. For example, the Australian Academy of Sciences is an organization of natural scientists, reflecting the English use of the term "scientist". There are separate academies for Arts, Humanities and Social Science. The Hungarian "Academy of Science" (''Magyar Tudományos Akadémia''), however, has members from many other areas of academia. Presumably, the Hungarian term ''tudomány'' has been translated as "science" in a broader sense, as it was used in English 200 years ago, and is still used in French and other languages.
As the engineering sciences have become more varied and advanced, there is a recent trend in many advanced countries to organize the National Academy of Engineering (or Engineering Sciences), separate from the national Academy of Sciences.
Academies of science play an important role in science diplomacy efforts.
==List of academies of sciences==
* Afghanistan – Academy of Sciences of Afghanistan
* Albania – Academy of Sciences of Albania
* Armenia – Armenian Academy of Sciences
* Austria – Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna
* Australia – Australian Academy of Sciences
* Azerbaijan – National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan
* Bangladesh – Bangladesh Academy of Sciences
* Belarus – National Academy of Sciences of Belarus
* Brazil – Brazilian Academy of Sciences
* Bulgaria – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences
* Canada
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*Royal Society of Canada
*
*Canadian Academy of Engineering
* People's Republic of China
*
*Chinese Academy of Sciences
*
*Chinese Academy of Engineering
*
*Chinese Academy of Social Sciences
* Croatia – Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts
* Czech Republic – Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic
* Denmark – Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters
* Estonia – Estonian Academy of Sciences
* Finland
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* Finnish Academy
*
* Finnish Society of Sciences and Letters
* France – French Academy of Sciences
* Georgia
*
*Georgian National Academy of Sciences
*
*Abkhazian Regional Academy of Sciences
* Germany
*
*Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur
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*Academy of Sciences and Humanities in Hamburg
*
*Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities
*
*Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities
*
*German Academy of Sciences Leopoldina
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*Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
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*Heidelberg Academy for Sciences and Humanities
*
*North Rhine-Westphalian Academy of Sciences, Humanities and the Arts
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*Saxonian Academy of Sciences and Humanities
*
*Union of German Academies of Sciences and Humanities
* Hungary – Hungarian Academy of Sciences
* India
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*Indian Academy of Sciences
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*Indian National Science Academy
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*National Academy of Sciences, India
* Italy – Lincean Academy, Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze
* Israel – Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
* Japan – Japan Academy, 1879 founded as Tokyo Academy
* Kazakhstan – National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan
* Kyrgyzstan – National Academy of Sciences of the Kyrgyz Republic
* Latvia – Latvian Academy of Sciences
* Lebanon – Lebanese Academy of Sciences
* Lithuania – Lithuanian Academy of Sciences
* Macedonia – Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts
* Mexico – Mexican Academy of Sciences
* Moldova – Academy of Sciences of Moldova
* Mongolia – Mongolian Academy of Sciences
* Montenegro
*
* Montenegrin Academy of Sciences and Arts
*
* Doclean Academy of Sciences and Arts
* Morocco – Hassan II Academy of Sciences and Technologies
* Netherlands – Royal Netherlands Academy of Sciences
* New Zealand – Royal Society of New Zealand
* Norway
*
* Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Oslo
*
* Royal Norwegian Society of Science and Letters, Trondheim
*
* Norwegian Academy of Technological Sciences, Trondheim
*Pakistan – Pakistan Academy of Sciences
* Poland
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* Polish Academy of Sciences
*
* Polish Academy of Learning
* Portugal – Lisbon Academy of Sciences
* Russia – Russian Academy of Sciences
* Serbia – Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts
* Slovakia – Slovak Academy of Sciences
* Slovenia – Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts
* Sri Lanka – National Academy of Sciences of Sri Lanka
* Soviet Union – Soviet Academy of Sciences
* Spain – Spanish Royal Academy of Sciences
* Sweden – Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
* Switzerland – Swiss Academies of Arts and Sciences
* Taiwan (Republic of China) – Academia Sinica
* Thailand – Royal Institute of Thailand
* Turkey – Turkish Academy of Sciences
* Ukraine – National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
* United Kingdom
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* Royal Society
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* Royal Academy of Engineering
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* Royal Society of Arts
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*Scotland – Royal Society of Edinburgh
* United States
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* National Academies
*
*
* U.S. National Academy of Sciences
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*
* U.S. National Academy of Engineering
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*
* Institute of Medicine
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* National Research Council
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* American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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*State-specific
*
*
* California – California Academy of Sciences
*
*
* Mississippi – Mississippi Academy of Sciences
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*
* Missouri – Academy of Science, St. Louis
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*
* New York – New York Academy of Sciences
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*
* Texas – (Texas Academy of Sciences )
* Vatican City – Pontifical Academy of Sciences
* Jordan and the Islamic world – Islamic World Academy of Sciences (IAS)
* Developing world – TWAS
* Academy – World Academy of Art and Science
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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